Known as the Tunguska event, the explosion above Siberia. In this way the necessary conditions will be created to build up a synthetic theory of the Tunguska event, in order to explain not only the explosion of a space object at the Podkamennaya Tunguska, but the entire complex of anomalous eosmophysical events in the summer of 1908. Although the prevailing consensus as to the cause of the Tunguska blast is the explosion of a comet or meteorite in the atmosphere above the area, there are numerous reasons to doubt this. A MASSIVE meteor that flattened part of Russia 100 years ago was so big that it may have bounced back into space after bursting over Earth. All these questions might be solved much faster within the frames of international scientific cooperation as recently oullined and of continued fieldwork in the area of the Tunguska explosion. The first priority is to solve a set of questions in order that further development of this problem can be detined as follows: (1) the fate of the meteorite fragments in case the TM was really a stony asteroid (2) the possibility of a carbonaceous chondrite and mellow comet nucleus penetration into the troposphere (3) the nature of the element and isotopic cosmochemical anomaly in the area of the Tunguska explosion epicentre (4) the mechanism of geomagnetic effect and optical anomalies developed in the summer of 1908 (5) the possibility of a quick (within hours) transfer of dusty matter from the area of the Tunguska event to Central Asia, European Russia and Western Europe by stratospheric and mesospheric winds and (6) the cause of the mutation process in the area of the Tunguska catastrophe. Though the final choice between them has not yet been made, the chances of the stony asteroid version have recently grown substantially. It is stated that nowadays the basic aspect of the TM nature discussion is an alternative "stony asteroid-comet". The hypotheses proceeding from concepts of the TM low and hyperlow (<0.01 g/cm 3) density are shown to be inconsistent. A critical analysis is given of hypotheses proposed to explain TM problem. The problem of optical events in the summer of 1908 connected to the Tunguska explosion is discussed, as well as that of the origin of element and isotropic anomalies in the area, the most striking feature being peculiarities in the C, H and Pb isotopic composition. The explosion devastated a 2150☒5 km 2 forest area and produced a radiant burn of flora at more than 100 km 2. The TNT equivalent of the Tunguska explosion is estimated between 10 and 40 megatons (most probably 15 megatons), probable energy 4.2 × 10 23-1.7 × 10 24 erg, altitude of the explosion 5-10 km. This paper contains basic data relating to the Tunguska Meteorite (TM) as late as 1996, including flight and explosion of a giant bolide in Siberia on 30 June 1908, related geophysical effects, the results of search of the TM matter and the environimental after effects of the event.
0 kommentar(er)
